@incollection{,
	
					
					
					EB4B48417F96532E2D9CBC36C2F2D17C
				,
	author={{Dr. AllahNawaz} and {Gomal University, DIK, KPK, Pakistan}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology}},
	journal={{GJCST}}0975-41720975-435010.34257/gjcst,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}11418
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Planning for Integrating Teaching Technologies}}
		,
	author={{
			MAaron
		} and {
			DDicks
		} and {
			CIves
		} and {
			BMontgomery
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			30
			2
			,
	year={2004. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Review of e-Learning in Canada: A Rough Sketch of the Evidence, Gaps and Promising Directions}}
		,
	author={{
			PCAbrami
		} and {
			RMBernard
		} and {
			AWade
		} and {
			RFSchmid
		} and {
			EBorokhovski
		} and {
			RTamim
		} and {
			MASurkes
		} and {
			GLowerison
		} and {
			DZhang
		} and {
			INicolaidou
		} and {
			SNewman
		} and {
			Wozney
		} and {
			APeretiatkowicz
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			32
			3
			,
	year={2006. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Human resources development in Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			NAfghan
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pakistan Economist}}
		
			,
	year={2000. April 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			/
		}}
		
	

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Self-Efficacy Beliefs as an Indicator of Teachers' Preparedness for Teaching with Technology}}
		
		,
	editor={Albion, P. R}
		
			,
	year={1999. May 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of ICT on education: the three opposed paradigms, the lacking discourse}}
		,
	author={{
			RAviram
		} and {
			DTami
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2004. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Teaching and Learning with the Net Generation}}
		,
	author={{
			KBarnes
		} and {
			RCMarateo
		} and {
			SPFerris
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			3
			4
			,
	year={2007. April 10, 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			RFBataineh
		} and {
			AAAbdel-Rahman
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Jordanian EFL students' perceptions of their computer literacy: An exploratory case study}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			2
			2
			,
	year={April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Training Proposal for e-Learning Teachers}}
		,
	author={{
			FEBlázquez
		} and {
			LADíaz
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2006. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICTs in Teacher Education: What do teachers need to learn? International Conference on Teacher Education}}
		,
	author={{
			PACawson
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2005. Ghana, 17-20 August 2005. April 19. 2007}
		
		
			University of Cape Coast
		
	
	,
	note={Quality Teacher Education: The Challenges of the 21st Century. Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social software: Elearning beyond learning management systems}}
		,
	author={{
			CDalsgaard
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2006. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Lifelong Learning Iceberg of Information Systems Academics -A Study of On-Going Formal and Informal Learning by Academics}}
		,
	author={{
			BDavey
		} and {
			ATatnall
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			6
			,
	year={2007. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT and Lifelong Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			DDinevski
		} and {
			DPKokol
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2005. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			PMDrinkwater
		} and {
			CMAdeline
		} and {
			SFrench
		} and {
			KNPapamichail
		} and {
			TRickards
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Adopting a Web-Based Collaborative Tool to Support The Manchester Method Approach to Learning}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal on e-Learning}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={April 19. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Quality in e-learning from a learner's perspective}}
		,
	author={{
			UEhlers
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2005. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Information Technology Model Curriculum}}
		,
	author={{
			JJEkstrom
		} and {
			SGorka
		} and {
			RKamali
		} and {
			ELawson
		} and {
			BLunt
		} and {
			JMiller
		} and {
			HReichgelt
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			5
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{India and the USA: A Comparison through the Lens of Model IT Curricula}}
		,
	author={{
			JEzer
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Information Technology Literacy: Implications on Teaching and Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			ZEzziane
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			10
			3
			
			,
	year={2007. April 10. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Identifying the Generation Gap in Higher Education: Where Do the Differences Really Lie?}}
		,
	author={{
			PGarcia
		} and {
			JQin
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			3
			4
			,
	year={2007. April/May. Retrieved April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Perceptions of information and communication technology among undergraduate management students in Barbados}}
		,
	author={{
			GGay
		} and {
			SMahon
		} and {
			DDevonish
		} and {
			PAlleyne
		} and {
			PGAlleyne
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			2
			4
			,
	year={2006. May 11, 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MGraff
		} and {
			JDavies
		} and {
			MMcnorton
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Cognitive Style and Cross Cultural Differences in Internet Use and Computer Attitudes}}
				
			,
	year={April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Training of Teachers and Trainers: Innovative Practices, Skills and Competencies in the use of eLearning}}
		,
	author={{
			DEGray
		} and {
			MRyan
		} and {
			ACoulon
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2003. April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT as an enabler of socioeconomic development}}
		,
	author={{
			THameed
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2007. June, 24 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can E-learning break the Digital Divide}}
		,
	author={{
			JHvorecký
		} and {
			VSMana?mentu
		} and {
			PCesta
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2005. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Development of a Taxonomy of Desired Personal Qualities for IT Project Team Members and Its Use in an Educational Setting}}
		,
	author={{
			TJewels
		} and {
			MFord
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			5
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Improving Computer Literacy of Business Management Majors: A Case Study}}
		,
	author={{
			DWJohnson
		} and {
			KWBartholomew
		} and {
			DMiller
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			5
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital Democracy in Higher Education Bridging the Digital Divide}}
		,
	author={{
			SJuniu
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			1
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Enhancing Teaching with Technology: Are We There Yet? Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		,
	author={{
			SKopyc
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2007. December 2006. January 2007. April 10, 2007}
			3
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{From objectivism to social constructivism: The impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on higher education}}
		,
	author={{
			GMKundi
		} and {
			ANawaz
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{The future of integration, personalization, and ePortfolio technologies}}
		,
	author={{
			SLacour
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			1
			4
			,
	year={2005. April/May. Retrieved April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Shadow netWorkspace: An open source intranet for learning communities}}
		,
	author={{
			JMLaffey
		} and {
			DMusser
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			32
			1
			,
	year={2006. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT and Higher Education}}
		,
	author={{
			BLoing
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{General delegate of ICDE at UNESCO. 9th UNESCO/NGO Collective Consultation on Higher Education}}
				
			,
	year={2005. April 2005. June 24, 2007}
		
	

}

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		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
			FLuthans
		}}
		
			,
	year={1995}
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	publisher={McGraw-Hill}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Individual and Organizational Factors Influencing Academics' Decisions to Pursue the Scholarship of Teaching ICT}}
		,
	author={{
			JLynch
		} and {
			JSheard
		} and {
			ACarbone
		} and {
			FCollins
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			,
	year={2005. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{What role can educational multimedia play in narrowing the digital divide}}
		,
	author={{
			HMacleod
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			4
			1
			,
	year={2005. May 11. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Influence of Learning Styles on Learners in E-Learning Environments: An Empirical Study}}
		,
	author={{
			NManochehr
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Computers in Higher Education and Economics Review}}
		
			18
			,
	year={2007. Retrieved April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Systems for the management of information in a university context: An investigation of user need}}
		,
	author={{
			RMarcella
		} and {
			KKnox
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Information Research}}
		
			9
			2
			,
	year={2004. April 10. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Paper 172.}

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Role of Tutors as an Integral Part of Online Learning Support}}
		,
	author={{
			MMcpherson
		} and {
			MBNunes
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2004. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integrating technology into the teaching-learning transaction: Pedagogical and technological perceptions of management faculty}}
		,
	author={{
			PMehra
		} and {
			MMital
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			3
			1
			,
	year={2007. October 11. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital opportunity initiative: for Pakistan. A paper evaluating Pakistani eReadiness Initiatives. National Post Graduate Institute of Telecommunications & Informatics, PTCL. IT & Telecom Division, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			YHMujahid
		} and {
			; G M Kundi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Pakistan. Electronic Journal of Information Systems for Developing Countries}}
		
			41
			5
			
			,
	year={2002. May 11. 2007. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Demographic implications for the eLearning user perceptions in HEIs of NWFP}

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predictor of elearning development and use practices in higher education institutions (HEIs) of NWFP, Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			3
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital literacy: An analysis of the contemporary paradigms}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Metaphorical interpretations of information systems failure}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		} and {
			DBShah
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Peshawar University Teachers' Association Journal}}
		
			14
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of an Introductory Instructional Technology Course}}
		,
	author={{
			Eunjoo &Oh
		} and {
			RussellFrench
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal for the Integration of Technology in Education}}
		
			3
			1
			,
	year={2004. April 10. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@book{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of ICT in higher education for the 21st century: ICT as a change agent for education}}
		,
	author={{
			ROliver
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2002. April 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{eLearning development in HEIs: Uncomfortable and comfortable zones for developing countries}}
		,
	author={{
			QAQureshi
		} and {
			SAhmad
		} and {
			Najibullah
		} and {
			ANawaz
		} and {
			BShah
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gomal University Journal of Research}}
		
			25
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={GUJR}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Using Tablet Technology and Recording Software to Enhance Pedagogy}}
		,
	author={{
			DRadosevich
		} and {
			PKahn
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			6
			,
	year={2006. Aug/Sep. Retrieved April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Teaching by Example: A Case for Peer Workshops about Pedagogy and Technology}}
		,
	author={{
			CReilly
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			1
			3
			,
	year={2005. February/March. Retrieved April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Expert Roundtable on University and Technology-for-Literacy/Basic Education Partnership in Developing Countries}}
		,
	author={{
			BCSanyal
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2001. 10 to 12 Sep, 2001. April 10. 2007}
			,
	address={Paris}
		
	
	,
	note={International Institute for Educational Planning}

}

@incollection{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integrating Information and Communication Technology in the Classroom: A Comparative Discourse Analysis}}
		,
	author={{
			BSasseville
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			30
			2
			,
	year={2004. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Information technology in developing a meta-learning environment}}
		,
	author={{
			SSirkemaa
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2001. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strategic Planning for Technological Innovation in Canadian Post Secondary Education}}
		,
	author={{
			DStockley
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			30
			2
			,
	year={2004. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Preparing Academic Staff for e-Learning at the University of Botswana}}
		,
	author={{
			DThurab-Nkhosi
		} and {
			MLee
		} and {
			DGiannini-Gachago
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			1
			,
	year={2005. Oct/Nov. Retrieved April 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{UNDP's regional project, the Asia-Pacific Development Information Program (APDIP), in association with the secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)}}
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	author={{
			VLTinio
		}}
		
		
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	year={2002. July 14. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Presented by UNDP for the benefit of participants to the World Summit on the Information Society. Retrieved}

}

@book{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{UNESCO Education Position Paper}}
		
		
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	year={2004. April 10. 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Educational Decision Support Systems}}
		
		
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	year={2006. July 14. 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{The University of Queensland Australia (UQA)}}
		
		
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	year={2001. April 10. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Policies and trends in higher education. Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT in higher education: An uncomfortable zone for institutes and their policies}}
		,
	author={{
			MValcke
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference}}
				,
	editor={
			RAtkinson
			CMcbeath
			DJonas-Dwyer
			&RPhillips
		}
		the 21st ASCILITE Conference
		
			,
	publisher={Perth}
			,
	year={2004. 5-8 December. Retrieved April 10. 2007}
			
		
	
	,
	note={Beyond the comfort zone}

}

@book{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Changes required by ICT era are painful sometimes. CAUSE98, an EDUCAUSE conference, online proceedings}}
		,
	author={{
			IVrana
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2007. Retrieved October 10, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges and opportunities in ICT educational development: A Ugandan case study}}
		,
	author={{
			RWells
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development}}
		
			3
			2
			,
	year={2007. July 21. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={ICT}

}

@book{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
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	author={{
			Wikipedia
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2009. 10 February, 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Creating a Working Model for Technology Integration Through a Lesson Planning WebQuest}}
		,
	author={{
			JWillis
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technology in Education}}
		
			5
			
			,
	year={2006. April 10. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bridging Theory and Practice: Developing Guidelines to Facilitate the Design of Computer-based Learning Environments}}
		,
	author={{
			LDYoung
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			29
			3
			,
	year={2003. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can Teacher Technology Integration Training Alone Lead to High Levels of Technology Integration? A Qualitative Look at Teachers' Technology Integration after State Mandated Technology Training}}
		,
	author={{
			YZhao
		} and {
			FBryant
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technology in Education}}
		
			5
			
			,
	year={2006. April 10, 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}