@incollection{,
	
					
					
					7C7AABEA362761B9CA5548E2E205E416
				,
	author={{MadeehaAman} and {Dr. SaeedMahfooz} and {Waheed UrRehman} and {Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology}},
	journal={{GJCST}}0975-41720975-435010.34257/gjcst,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}11207784
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communication}}
		,
	author={{
			SHaykin
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{IEEE JSAC}}
		
			,
	year={Feb 2005}
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Federal Communications Commission (FCC)}}
		no. 04-113
		
			,
	year={May 25, 2004}
		
	
	,
	note={ET Docket}
	,
	note={Notice of Proposed Rule Making}

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Federal Communications Commission (FCC)}}
		
			,
	year={October, 2006}
		
	
	,
	note={ET Docket no. 06-156}
	,
	note={Notice of Proposed Rule Making}

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Federal Communications Commission (FCC)}}
		no. 03-322
		
			,
	year={December, 2003}
		
	
	,
	note={ET Docket}
	,
	note={Notice of Proposed Rule Making}

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{IEEE 802.22: An Introduction to the First Wireless Standard based on Cognitive Radios}}
		,
	author={{
			CarlosCordeiro
		} and {
			KiranChallapali
		} and {
			DagnachewBirru
		} and {
			SaiShankar
		} and {
			N
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Communications}}
		
			,
	year={April 2006}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		IEEE 802.22
		
		,
	title={{Working Group on Wireless Regional Area Network}}
				
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cognitive radio: Making software radio more personal}}
		,
	author={{
			JMitola
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{IEEE Pers. Comm}}
		
			,
	year={2005. August 1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cognitive Wireless Communication Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			EHossain
		} and {
			VBhargava
		}}
		
		ISBN 978-0-387-68832-9
	
	
		,
	journal={{LLC}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	publisher={Springer Science+Business Media}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{On the Performance of Spectrum Handoff for Link Maintenance in Cognitive Radio}}
		,
	author={{
			L-CWang
		} and {
			AChen
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Wireless Pervasive Computing, 3rd International Symposium}}
				
			,
	year={May 2008}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			YZhang
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE International Conference on Communications}}
				
			,
	year={2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Opportunistic and Negotiated Situations}

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Spectrum Handoff for Cognitive Radio Networks: Reactive-Sensing or Proactive-Sensing?}}
		,
	author={{
			L-CWang
		} and {
			C-WWang
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE Performance, Computing and Communications Conference}}
				
			,
	year={December 2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Modeling and Analysis for Proactive-decision Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			C-WWang
		} and {
			L-CWang
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE International Conference on Communications}}
				
			,
	year={June 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Novel Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing Scheme for Cognitive AdHoc Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			MAKalil
		} and {
			FLiers
		} and {
			TVolkert
		} and {
			AM-Thie
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal}}
		
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={Springer Verlag}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{A POMDPbased Spectrum Handoff Protocol for Partially Observable Cognitive Radio Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			R.-TMa
		} and {
			Y.-PHsu
		} and {
			K.-TFeng
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)}}
				
			,
	year={April 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Voluntary Spectrum Handoff: A Novel Approach to Spectrum Management in CRNs}}
		,
	author={{
			S.-UYoon
		} and {
			EEkici
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}}
				
			,
	year={May 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Common Hopping Based Proactive Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			YSong
		} and {
			JXie
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)}}
				
			,
	year={Dec. 2010. 23 September 2010}
			18
		
	
	,
	note={Notice of Proposed Rule Making. ET Docket No. 04-186}

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Decentralized Cognitive MAC for Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Ad Hoc Networks: A POMDP Framework}}
		,
	author={{
			QZhao
		} and {
			LTong
		} and {
			ASwami
		} and {
			YChen
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications}}
		
			25
			3
			
			,
	year={April 2007}
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{OFDM Guard Band Communication Apparatus And Method}}
		,
	author={{
			MitsuruUesugi
		} and {
			Yokosuka
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={Mar. 14, 2006}
			7
			
			,
	address={U.S. Patent}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Fractional BW Usage for WRAN Systems}}
		,
	author={{
			Sung-HyunHwang
		}}
		IEEE 802.22-06-0117-00-0000
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs}}
				
			,
	year={17 July 2006}
		
	

}

@book{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cognitive Radio Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			Kwang-ChengChen
		} and {
			RamjeePrasad
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={John Wiley and Sons}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Federal Communications Commission(FCC)}}
		
			,
	year={14 November 2008}
		
	
	,
	note={ET Docket No. 04-186}
	,
	note={Small Entity Compliance Guide}

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Handoff delay in Cogntive Radios -A concept paper on utilization of guard channels}}
		,
	author={{
			SaeedMadeeha Aman
		} and {
			WaheedMahfooz
		} and {
			Ur Rehman
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{IEEE 1st International Conference on Computer Networks and Information Technology}}
				
			,
	publisher={IEEE}
		
	

}