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\title{Self Organization Map to Assess Forest Development and Problems with Multiple Regression Analysis}
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             \author[1]{Dr. Md Saiful  Islam}

             \author[2]{Md Kamor Uddin  Sikder}

             \affil[1]{  BGC Trust University Bangladesh}

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\date{\small \em Received: 8 April 2013 Accepted: 4 May 2013 Published: 15 May 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Sustainability is a burning factor in the forestry sector around the world. Understanding sustainability is also a critical question. This research examined the status of Bangladesh forestry by indicating the needs of forest products and the efficiency of forest policy and management practices, and relates sustainability with scarcity situations Bangladesh is a country of beauty with forest and river. The natural significant of Bangladesh is mainly depends on its forest. The greenness of our country is the gift of heaven. But we are not aware of this marvelous asset. In this work we have evaluated the status of forest of Bangladesh under the approach of soft computing. The method is Self Organization Map (SOM). We classified the data set by Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The study area we have designed the south part of the Bangladesh.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{sustainability, multiple regression analysis (MRA), self organization map (SOM), greenness}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
overty could occupy many dimensions in space (resource, economic,cultural), in persistence (periodic, fluctuating and lifelong) and in its identity (child, woman and poverty of elders). Peluso, Humphrey, and Fortmann (1994) explained the sustainability issues as a condition of resource poverty,and coined the term natural resource dependent areas (NRDA) to address the unsustainable situation of resource abundant and resource scarce areas together. By NRDA the authors meant the places where natural resources either account for a substantial part of the local economy or attract population. The NRDA concept reiterates that even if resources are there, the nature of the policy may influence the availability of resources to ordinary people, and could influence the poverty. Therefore, sustainability evaluation may need to address different forms of policy measures explaining how they influence resource availability and poverty. The approach of sustainability indicators considered here is compartmentalization of policy evaluation. By compartmentalization of policy this article emphasizes particular issues like the nature of resources, market oriented investment and commitment to sustained supply (e.g.  {\ref Gaventa, 1980;} {\ref Marchak, 1983;} {\ref Peluso et al., 1994)}. However, natural resource dependence is not a prior cause of poverty and hence sustainability. There are some other causes, such as centralized economic structure \hyperref[b3]{(Bunker, 1984)}, technological inability \hyperref[b1]{(Blaikie, 1985;} {\ref Freudenburg, 1992)} and concentration of ownership and control  {\ref (Marchak, 1983;} {\ref Freudenburg, 1992)} that may bring a sustainability risk to NRDA countries. Thus, policy discourses inevitably become linked with control of resources, such as, resource dependence, resource use, resource waste and nature of capital. Taking the present land use as the end result of past policies, an attempt is made to track the past social indicators of policy discourses. This study presents the resource scarcity situation of Bangladesh as links to those. 
\section[{a) Issues of sustainability indicators}]{a) Issues of sustainability indicators}\par
In Bangladesh about 16\% of the land area is legal forest but mostly located in south-west (SW) and south-east (SE) corners of the country (Map 1). Bhuiyan  {\ref (1994)} reported that out of the forest areas, actual managed forest was only 9.2\% (1.32 million ha) and Unclassed State Forest (USF) was 6.9\% (0.99 million ha) in early 90s. WRI/CIDE (1990) estimated that the forest area would be only 1 million ha or 6.9\% of total land area. Moreover, the cover intensity is different in different forest types (Table \hyperref[tab_2]{2}). An early report of Gittins and Akonda (1982) estimated remaining natural forest cover to be only 3.3\% of total land, which is less than 0.5 million ha. Other than the mangroves and salt forests the distinct area patterns of forest ecotypes of Bangladesh are not well marked. Therefore, the spatial status of Bangladesh forests is often classified under legal types rather than ecotypes. A legal type may include different ecotypes and may be adjusted with the need of administration. As a result often there is a change in the space status of forests of Bangladesh. The following section presents the situation of changing forested space of Bangladesh. However, the most  
\section[{Data Collection a) State of Costal Forest in Bangladesh}]{Data Collection a) State of Costal Forest in Bangladesh}\par
The coastal part of Bangladesh includes the famous Sundarbans Mangrove Forest. A number of depressed basins are found in the district of greater Mymensingh and Sylhet ,and some are found Chittagong which are inundated by fresh water during the monsoon that gradually dry out during the dry winter season. These depressed basins are known as 'Haor'.  
\section[{Mangroves Forming a Wall Along Florida Inlets}]{Mangroves Forming a Wall Along Florida Inlets}\par
There are about 80 different species of mangrove trees. All of these trees grow in areas with lowoxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow fine sediments to accumulate. Mangrove forests only grow at tropical and subtropical latitudes near the equator because they cannot withstand freezing temperatures.\par
Many mangrove forests can be recognized by their dense tangle of prop roots that make the trees appear to be standing on stilts above the water. This tangle of roots allows the trees to handle the daily rise and fall of tides, which means that most mangroves get flooded at least twice per day. The roots also slow the movement of tidal waters, causing sediments to settle out of the water and build up the muddy bottom.\par
Mangrove forests stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves, and tides. The intricate root system of mangroves also makes these forests attractive to fishes and other organisms seeking food and shelter from predators. 
\section[{Mangrove Plantation in Chittagong}]{Mangrove Plantation in Chittagong}\par
Mangrove afforestation along the entire southern coastal frontier is an innovation of foresters.\par
During 1960-61, Government undertook afforestation programme along the shore land of coastal districts. This initiative got mementum from 1980-81 with the aid of development partners and afforestation programs are extended over foreshore islands, embankments and along the open coasts. Since 1960-61 upto 1990-91, 142,835 hectare of mangrove plantations have been raised under a number of coastal afforestation projects. The present 2012 net area of mangrove plantation is 48466.97 hectare after losing some area due to natural calamities. These mangrove plantations were established on newly accreted lands (mud flats) prior to formal declaration as Reserved Forest. The species used were mostly Keora (Sonneratia apeta) and Gewa (Excoecarai agallocha). Since these lands were not declared as "Reserved Forest" the Forest Act was not strictly applicable on them. Consequently the FD in mostcases failed to provide the required protection because of the land litigations and poor legal back up from other government agencies such as district administrations, police, etc. Many of the good coastal plantations established in Chittagong and Noakhali were lost to shrimp farms with the direct and indirect indulgence of other government officers such as DCs and land administration agencies. Ultimately the wish of the DCs prevailed since they are the most powerful actors and highly favored by ministers, members of parliament, etc. Thus many of the coastal plantations were devastated. Revilla (1998) during the FRMP inventory reported the following growing stock in the mangrove a forestation areas.    
\section[{Result}]{Result}\par
In this work we have implemented the system based on the SOM and got the following result.  
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
This research in general reflected that the "Forests and Forestry in Bangladesh" (Forestry Sector) is experiencing problems. The current trends are in no way favorable for the overall development of the sector. By 2020 there may be a big lockage between the demand and supply of wood. Peoples' expectations from the FD will increase many fold, especially for forest \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}©}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{figure7}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.33076923076923076\textwidth}P{0.22692307692307692\textwidth}P{0.10769230769230768\textwidth}P{0.18461538461538463\textwidth}}
Year of Garden Create\tabcellsep Mangrove (Hector)\tabcellsep Strip\tabcellsep Non Manograve\\
1990-91\tabcellsep 80.97\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep 40.48\\
1991-92\tabcellsep 688.82\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep 40.48\\
1992-93\tabcellsep 688.37\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep 60.73\\
1993-94\tabcellsep 1044.86\tabcellsep 3.00\tabcellsep 139.67\\
1994-95\tabcellsep 794.34\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep 47.15\\
1995-96\tabcellsep 310\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep 384\\
1996-97\tabcellsep 300\tabcellsep 60.00\tabcellsep --\\
1997-98\tabcellsep 600\tabcellsep --\tabcellsep --\\
1998-99\tabcellsep 590\tabcellsep 93\tabcellsep 10\\
a.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Source: Chittagong Coastal Forest Division of Bangladesh (2011-12)\\
d) Man-Made Mangroves, Coastal Afforestation\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.31716417910447764\textwidth}P{0.16492537313432837\textwidth}P{0.36791044776119397\textwidth}}
Country /\tabcellsep Reference\tabcellsep Total area ('000 ha)\\
region\tabcellsep year\tabcellsep \\
Bangladesh\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Land area\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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