@incollection{,
	
					
					
					97296751D910A17ECD257489D60E6988
				,
	author={{Mr. Muhammad ZubairKhan} and {Gomal University Pakistan}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology}},
	journal={{GJCST}}0975-41720975-435010.34257/gjcst,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}11231321
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			JBAbramson
		} and {
			FCArterton
		} and {
			GROrren
		}}
		
		
		,
	title={{The Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics}}
				New York
		
			,
	publisher={Basic Books}
			,
	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Introducing global civil society}}
		,
	author={{
			HAnheier
		} and {
			MGlasius
		} and {
			MKaldor
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Global Civil Society}}
				,
	editor={
			HAnheier
			MGlasius
			MKaldor
		}
		Oxford
		
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	year={2001b. 2001}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Organizational forms of global civil society: implications of going global}}
		,
	author={{
			HAnheier
		} and {
			NThemudo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Global Civil Society}}
				,
	editor={
			MGlasius
			MKaldor
			HAnheier
		}
		Oxford
		
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	year={2002. 2002}
			
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Religion and global civil society: inherent incompatibility or synergy and interdependence?}}
		,
	author={{
			AAn-Na'im
		}}
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
	
	,
	note={in Glasius}

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global Civil Society}}
				,
	editor={
			HAnheier
		}
		Oxford
		
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	year={2002}
			
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			SBarnes
		}}
		,
	title={{Virtual Worlds as a Medium for Advertising. Database for Advances in Information Systems}}
				
			,
	year={2007}
			38
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{A call for grounding in the face of blurred boundaries}}
		,
	author={{
			NancyKBaym
		}}
		10.1111/j.10836101.2009.01461.x/pdf
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication}}
		
			14
			
			,
	year={2009. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on September 24}

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of ICT Revolution on the African Academic Landscape. CODESRIA Conference on Electronic Publishing and Dissemination}}
		,
	author={{
			MariaABeebe
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004. September 2004. August 20. 2008}
			,
	address={Dakar, Senegal. 1 -2}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Toward a Definition of "Virtual Worlds}}
		,
	author={{
			MarkWBell
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Virtual Worlds Research}}
		
			1
			1
			,
	year={2008. July. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on August}

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Globalization of the Public Sphere}}
		,
	author={{
			JBohman
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Philosophy and Social Criticism}}
		
			24
			2/3
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Modem Nation: The Handbook of Grassroots American Activism Online}}
		,
	author={{
			CBowen
		}}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Random House}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship}}
		,
	author={{
			DanahMBoyd
		} and {
			NBEllison
		}}
		
		10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x/pdf
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication}}
		
			13
			1
			
			,
	year={2007. 2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on May 02}

}

@book{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Electronic Democracy: Using the Internet to Influence American Politics}}
		,
	author={{
			GBrowning
		}}
		
			,
	year={1996}
			,
	publisher={Pemberton Press}
			,
	address={Wilton, CT}
		
	

}

@book{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Center for Research and Studies in Sociology}}
		,
	author={{
			GustavoCardoso
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006. April 20. 2010}
			,
	address={Lisbon, Portugal}
		
	
	,
	note={The media in the network society. Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance}}
		,
	author={{
			ManuelCastells
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Annals}}
		
			616
			
			,
	year={2008. March}
		
	
	,
	note={AAPSS}

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{We Want to be Teachers, Not Programmers: In Pursuit of Relevance and Authenticity for Initial Teacher Education Students Studying an Information Technology Subject at an Australian University}}
		,
	author={{
			Anthony&Chan
		} and {
			JWMark
		} and {
			Lee
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technology in Education}}
		
			6
			79
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on April 23, 2010 from http://ejite.isu.edu/Volume6/Chan.pdf}

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Deriving Norms from 'Global Space' The Limits of Communicative Approaches to Global Civil Society Theorizing}}
		,
	author={{
			DavidChandler
		}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Globalizations
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={June 2007. October 20. 2010}
			4
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{The limits of global civil society}}
		,
	author={{
			NChandhoke
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Global Civil Society}}
				,
	editor={
			MGlasius
			MKaldor
			HAnheier
		}
		Oxford
		
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
			,
	year={2002. 2002}
			
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MAChatti
		} and {
			RKlamma
		} and {
			MJarke
		} and {
			VKamtsiou
		} and {
			DPappa
		} and {
			MKravcik
		} and {
			ANaeve
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006a}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Technology Enhanced Professional Learning -Process, Challenges and Requirements}}
				San Setúbal, Portugal
		
			,
	year={2006. April 19-122, 2006}
		
	
	,
	note={Paper presented at the WEBIST. Retrieved on October 21, © 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US}

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Volume XI Issue XXIII Version I}}
		
			,
	year={19 2011}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{December The Problems and Prospects of New Public Sphere for Global Civil Society}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital destiny. New media and the future of democracy}}
		,
	author={{
			JeffChester
		}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
			,
	publisher={New Press}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Transcending Borders? Reassessing Public Spheres in a}}
		,
	author={{
			AngelaMCrack
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Networked World. Globalizations}}
		
			4
			3
			
			,
	year={2007. September}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Internet and Global Civil Society: Communication & Representation within Transnational Advocacy Networks}}
		,
	author={{
			HollyCustard
		} and {
			Ann
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{GMJ: Mediterranean Edition}}
		
			3
			2
			,
	year={2008. 2008. January 19. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{The virtual brand footprint: The marketing opportunity in Second Life}}
		,
	author={{
			Dmd
		}}
		
			,
	year={2007. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Diversified Media Design, combined storey, and Market Truths Limited. Retrieved on March 23, 2010 from http://popcha.com/combinedstory_whitepaper.pdf}

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social software: Elearning beyond learning management systems}}
		,
	author={{
			ChristianDalsgaard
		}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Distance and E-Learning}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={March 21. 2011}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Reformatting politics: Information technology and global civil society}}
		,
	author={{
			JodiDean
		} and {
			JonWAnderson
		} and {
			GeertLovink
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			,
	publisher={Routledge}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Defiant Publics: The Unprecedented Reach of the Global Citizen}}
		,
	author={{
			DanielDrache
		}}
		
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MohammedEl-Nawawy
		} and {
			AdelIskander
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{How the free Arab news network scooped the world and changed the Middle East}}
		,
	author={{
			Al-Jazeera
		}}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MACambridge
		} and {
			Westview
		}}
		
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Transnationalizing the Public Sphere On the Legitimacy and Efficacy of Public Opinion in a Post-Westphalian World. Theory}}
		,
	author={{
			NancyFraser
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Culture and Society}}
		
			24
			4
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Technology and Global Affair}}
		,
	author={{
			StefanFritsch
		}}
		10.1111/j.1528-3585.2010.00417.x/pdf
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Studies Perspectives}}
		
			12
			
			,
	year={2011. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on September}

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Rethinking the public sphere: a contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy}}
		,
	author={{
			NFraser
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Habermas and the Public Sphere}}
				,
	editor={
			CCalhoun
		}
		Cambridge, MA
		
			,
	publisher={MIT Press}
			,
	year={1992}
			
		
	

}

@book{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{We the media. Grassroots journalism by the people for the people}}
		,
	author={{
			DanGillmor
		}}
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Ca: O'Sebastopol
		} and {
			Reilly
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Does the Internet provide the basis for a public sphere that approximates to}}
		,
	author={{
			JakeGordon
		}}
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Habermas' vision? (his web essay)}}
		
		
			,
	year={June 15, 2011}
		
	

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of a Bourgeois Society}}
		,
	author={{
			JHabermas
		}}
		,
	editor={trans. T. Burger and F. Lawrence. Cambridge}
		
			,
	year={1962/1989}
			,
	publisher={MIT Press}
			,
	address={MA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article}}
		,
	author={{
			JHabermas
		} and {
			SaraLennox
		} and {
			FrankLennox
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Originally appeared in Fischer Lexicon, Staat and Politik}}
				
			,
	year={1964/1974. Autumn, 1974. 1964. January 11. 2011}
			
		
	
	,
	note={New Edition (Frankfurt am Main}

}

@book{b44,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			CHaythornthwaite
		}}
		10.1080/13691180500146185]Accessedon
		
		,
	title={{Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Communication, & Society}}
				
			,
	year={2005. March 22. 2011}
			8
			
		
	

}

@book{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Internet in Indonesia's new democracy}}
		,
	author={{
			DHill
		} and {
			KSen
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={Routledge}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Internet and its Social Landscape}}
		,
	author={{
			SGJones
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety}}
				,
	editor={
			SGJones
		}
		Thousand Oaks, CA
		
			,
	publisher={Sage}
			,
	year={1997}
			
		
	

}

@book{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global civil society: An answer to war}}
		,
	author={{
			MaryKaldor
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
			,
	publisher={Polity}
			,
	address={Malden, MA}
		
	

}

@book{b48,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			JohnKeane
		}}
		,
	title={{Global Civil Society? UK}}
				
			,
	publisher={Cambridge University Press}
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social Software for Life-long Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			Klamma
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			10
			3
			
			,
	year={2007. June 21. 2009}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{A virtual world by any other name}}
		,
	author={{
			RKoster
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004. January 07}
		
	

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Structure and Evolution of Blogspace}}
		,
	author={{
			RKumar
		} and {
			JNovak
		} and {
			PRaghavan
		} and {
			ATomkins
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Communications of the ACM}}
		
			47
			12
			
			,
	year={2004. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on October 15}

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Virtual Worlds: A Primer. The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds}}
		,
	author={{
			FGLastowka
		} and {
			DHunter
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			,
	publisher={New York University Press}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Stranger Than Fiction": Taxing Virtual Worlds}}
		,
	author={{
			LLederman
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{New York University Law Review}}
		
			82
			6
			
			,
	year={2007. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={Idc Service=GET_FILE&dDocName=ECM_DLV_01520 4&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased 44. Lull, James.}

}

@book{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Culture-on-demand: Communication in a crisis world}}
		
			,
	publisher={US}
			,
	address={Malden, MA}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology}}
		
			20
		
	

}

@book{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{December The Problems and Prospects of New Public Sphere for Global Civil Society 45}}
		,
	author={{
			RobertMcchesney
		} and {
			Waterman
		}}
		
		
	

}

@book{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Communication revolution: Critical junctures and the future of media}}
		
			,
	publisher={New Press}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Typology of Virtual Worlds: Historical Overview and Future Directions}}
		,
	author={{
			PaulRMessinger
		} and {
			EleniStroulia
		} and {
			KellyLyons
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Virtual Worlds Research}}
		
			1
			1
			,
	year={2008. July. June 15. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{From the Digital Divide to the Democratic Divide: Internet Skills, Political Interest, and the Second-Level Digital Divide in Political Internet Use}}
		,
	author={{
			Seong-JaeMin
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology & Politics}}
		
			7
			
			,
	year={2010. 2010. May 04. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{User's training: The predictor of successful eLearning in HEIs}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Sciences & Technology (GJCST)}}
		
			11
			4
			,
	year={2011. June 11. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Using eLearning as a tool for 'education for all' in developing states}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research (IJSTER)}}
		
			1
			6
			,
	year={2010. June 08. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{An analysis of the contemporary paradigms}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research (JSTER)}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010. June 02. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Digital Literacy. Retrieved on}

}

@book{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dialogue and representation: Communication in the electronic public sphere}}
		,
	author={{
			TOblak
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2002. May 25. 2011}
			,
	publisher={The Public}
			9
			
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{The electronic republic? The role of the Internet in promoting democracy in}}
		,
	author={{
			DOtt
		} and {
			MRosser
		}}
		
		10.1080/13510340008403649#preview
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Africa. Democratization}}
		
			7
			1
			
			,
	year={2000. February 25. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on}

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{The virtual sphere, The internet as a public sphere}}
		,
	author={{
			ZiziPapacharissi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{New Media & Society}}
		
			4
			1
			
			,
	year={2002. 2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved on March 23}

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Political Power of Social Media}}
		,
	author={{
			ClayShirky
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Foreign Affairs}}
		
			90
			14
			,
	year={2011. Jan/Feb}
		
	

}

@book{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{Civilization: A Pathway to Peace? Globalizations}}
		,
	author={{
			MajidTehranian
		}}
		
			,
	year={2004. September}
			1
			
		
	

}

@book{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{Internet and the public sphere: A glimpse of Youtube}}
		,
	author={{
			KasunUbayasiri
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2006. November 10. 2009}
			6
		
	
	,
	note={eJournalist}

}

@book{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society}}
		,
	author={{
			JVan Dijk
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={London: Sage}
		
	

}

@book{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{News in the global sphere: A study of CNN and its impact on global communication}}
		,
	author={{
			IngridVolkmer
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
			,
	publisher={University of Luton Press}
			,
	address={Eastleigh, UK}
		
	

}

@book{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide}}
		,
	author={{
			MWarschauer
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
			,
	address={Cambridge}
		
	

}