\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Quality of Service Improvement in Femto Based Cellular Networks},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2012-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2012)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2012-01-15}
\title{Quality of Service Improvement in Femto Based Cellular Networks}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Sake  Pothalaiah}

             \author[2]{Dr. D Srinivas  Ra}

             \author[3]{O Sindhura  Reddy}

             \affil[1]{  Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 14 December 2011 Accepted: 31 December 2011 Published: 15 January 2012}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


A cellular network serve the high service demands of the indoor users it is very expensive to obtain macrocell coverage which results in requirement of new methods to solve problem of high capacity indoor coverage femto cell is one of the solutions. Deployment of femto cell networks embedded into macro cell coverage improves the coverage, capacity and quality of service in indoor environments. Due to its ad-hoc nature, the information about its density and location is not known apriori. As femtos and macros share the same licensed spectrum, interference is one of the major problems observed and has to be mitigated.In this paper two existing channel allocation schemes such as opportunistic channel allocation scheme and orthogonal channel allocation scheme are discussed and their performance is compared to the proposed Max-SINR scheme.To reduce the interference further a self-organized and intelligent resource allocation is also proposed .Parameter such as average SINR experienced by each femto user is calculated by varying the percentage of active Femto cells in a network. Simulation results are carryout using MATLAB.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
Introduction emtocells are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator's network using residential DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) or cable broadband connections" -as stated by Femto Forum \hyperref[b0]{[1]}. Femtocell \hyperref[b0]{[1]}, [2], \hyperref[b1]{[3]} (also known as home BS or Femto Access Point (FAP)) is a short-range BS (Base Station) with ad-hoc nature of deployment. It intends to improve the performance of cellular services in SOHO (small office, home-office) indoor environments. It is motivated by the fact that due to the large penetration losses and attenuation in the indoor environments, the users often suffer from QoS degradation \hyperref[b1]{[3]}. The purpose of Femtocells is to improve capacity (by allowing more frequency reuse) and coverage (by covering the dead zones formed due to insuf ficient macro signal penetration) in the indoor environment using cellular network standard.\par
One of the major challenges in Femto deployment is interference. In general there are two types of interference that occur in two -tier Femtocell network architecture. Femtocells are overlaid on traditional cellular networks (i.e. the existing macrocell network) and share the same frequency spectrum with the macrocell. As the Femtocells and macrocell share the same frequency spectrum, sometimes there is a possibility that the channel is to be re-used either partially or totally which leads to cross-tier interference. At the same time there is also the possibility of channel to be reused by the two or more Femtocells in order to meet the guaranteed QOS to the user which leads cotier interference. The throughput of the network is reduced due to the above interferences. Hence it is necessary to propose an effective interference management technique which would reduce the crosstier and co-tier interference.\par
The main aim of this paper is to reduce the interference experienced by the Femto users. To reduce the interference we study the existing channel allocation schemes and compare these channel allocation schemes to the proposed channel allocation schemes. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Channel allocation}]{Channel allocation}\par
Channel allocation is the process of allotting bandwidth, communication channels to the base stations. Once the channels are allotted then the users are allowed to communicate within the cells using the allotted channels. General there are three types of downlink channel allocations 1. Co-channel allocation 2. Partial Co-channel allocation 3. Orthogonal channel allocation a) Co-channel allocation In this channel allocation, the channels are shared among the macro users and also among the Femto users. Opportunistic channel allocation is one its example and is used in this paper. In opportunistic channel allocation scheme, the channels to the Femto and Macro Users are allotted based on the channel states experienced by each user for each channel. These pre-computation of channel states are done in RRM and are sent to all the femtos. The User whose channel state is more, that particular channel is allocated to the user. In this channel allocation type all the users are served with a channel. In this channel allocation, the channels are not shared among the Femto and Macro cells as well as among the Femto and Macro users. In this type of channel allocation, the channels to the Femto and Macro are allotted based on channel states experienced by each user for each channel. These pre-computation of channel states are done in RRM and are sent to all the Femtos. In this case if the number of channels is more than the number of users (Macro/Femto) all the users are served. But when number of users is more than the number of channels, all the users are not served. The user whose channel state is more when compared to the other users is served. 
\section[{c) Partial co-channel allocation}]{c) Partial co-channel allocation}\par
In this channel allocation, the channels are shared by both the layers (i.e. both macro and femto cells), but among the users of each layer the allocation is orthogonal. Max-SINR channel allocation is an example is taken into consideration in this paper. In this type of allocation, the channels to the Femto and Macro Users are allotted based on the pre-computation of SINR experienced by each user for each channel. Based on the pre-computation of SINR values the user prioritises its channels and those channels are allotted to the femto users. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{System model}]{System model}\par
Simulation Parameters used a single tier cellular system which consists of 19 Femtocells in each macro cell. We have also determined the path loss models for Femtocells. In detail the simulation parameters considered are as follows:\par
Macro cell distance =500m Number of users per each Femto=2 Total no. of Femto Users=38 The transmit power level at Macro BS (P) = 43dBm The transmit power level at Femto BS (Pmacro) =20dBm Thermal noise= -100 dBm Total bandwidth =10 MHz. Sub-carrier bandwidth= 180 KHz. Sub-carriers for each sector=55. 
\section[{a) Femto Deployment}]{a) Femto Deployment}\par
In this paper we have considered a closed accessed uniform deployment of Femtocells all over the macro cells region, which serve 2 users randomly deployed in each Femtocell. On total 38 users areserved by the Femtocells. On the other hand 55 users are randomly deployed allover the macrocell region which is directlyserved by the MBS (Macro Base Station). ) n=n th sub-channel, j=j th femto user, i=i th femto cell Using the above simulation parameters and computational formulas the average SINR experienced by each user is calculated for the three channel allocation schemes. out of three channel allocations the the scheme that gives the best performance to the femto users i.e the one which reduces the interfernce in Femto users is further modified to even more reduce the interference in the Femto users. This channel allocation scheme is further modified and simulated for even better performance to the Femto users.  The above graph shows the comparitive analysis of all the three type of channel allocations which we have disscussed in this paper out of the three channel allocations the the scheme that gives the best performance to the femto users i.e the one which reduces the interfernce in Femto users is further modified to even more reduce the interference in the Femto users.\par
This channel allocation scheme is further modified and simulated for even better performance to the Femto users Step 1: Femto Activation Phase In this step the Femto is plugged in and series of signals are exchanged between Macro BS and Femtocell. In this way the Femto is activated.\par
Step 2 : Information Exchange with Neighbouring Femto BS The proposed interface for signaling exchange between Femto BSs information will be obtained which are Neighbor discovery, Pilot signal power -to determine the path loss and signal power on each sub-channel -to evaluate interference on each sub-channel.\par
Step 3: Pre-SINR calculation Each Femto BS can estimate the path loss to sender by using the pilot signal power indicated in the broadcast message and the measuring the pilot signal strength of the sender. Now, using the estimated path loss and the power applied to each sub-channel (from broadcast message), received signal strength from the sender in each sub-channel is estimated. This will help in evaluating the interfering power on each sub-channel as mentioned in step 2. With the estimated Signal, Interfering power, SINR is calculated.\par
Step 4: Prioritization of channels In this step, based on the above estimated SINR values the channels are prioritized. The SINR values are ranked in descending order.\par
Step 5: Allocation of channels \& Thresbhold In this step based on prioritization of channels the channel with more SINR value is allotted to the\par
Step 6: Performance Evaluation In this step, the SINR of all the users are compared to the threshold. if the SINR is less than the threshold arises a situation of conflict. It may happen due to high Femtocell density in the region.\par
Step 7: Power negotiation In this step, theuser whose SINR is below threshold its respective Femto BS will coordinate with the neighbouring Femto BSs to resolve this con flict by mutually agreeing on either to reduce the transmit power levels. After this reduction of power, again the Pre-SINR calculation is done with its new transmit power (step 3) and proceeds to the next step of sub-channel allocation. This step is followed till at least 80\% of all the femto users SINR is above than the allotted threshold value.\par
In this way to the Max-SINR channel allocation scheme, power negotiation between the Femto BS takes place to reduce the interference between the Femto users. Based on the values obtained which are noted down on the above table the graph is plotted. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{345}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 3 :Figure 4 :Figure 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Figure 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{7}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}Figure 7 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US)Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology} 		 		\backmatter   			 
\subsection[{Acknowledgment}]{Acknowledgment}\par
This work is supported by Major Research project funded by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. 			  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[3gpp Gan Standard]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{},  		 			3gpp Gan Standard 		.  		 TS 43.318.  		 \url{http://www.smart-wi-fi.com(UMAToday:www.umatoday.com}  		 	 
\bibitem[Oh et al. ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘A Novel Frequency Planning for Femtocells in OFDMA-Based Cellular Networks Using Fractional Frequency Reuse’.  		 			Chang-Yeong Oh 		,  		 			Min Young Chung 		,  		 			Hyunseungchoo 		,  		 			Tae-Jin Lee 		.  	 	 		\textit{Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2010},  				 (Berlin / Heidelberg)  		2010. Springer. 6018.  	 
\bibitem[Claussen et al. ()]{b12}\label{b12} 	 		‘An overview of the femtocell concept’.  		 			H Claussen 		,  		 			L T W Ho 		,  		 			L G Samuel 		.  		 \xref{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20292}{10.1002/bltj.20292}.  	 	 		\textit{Bell Labs Technical Journal}  		2008.  (13)  p. 221245.  	 
\bibitem[Li et al. ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{Cognitive interference management in 3G femtocells},  		 			Yang- 		,  		 			Yang Li 		,  		 			M Macuha 		,  		 			E S Sousa 		,  		 			T Sato 		,  		 			M Andnanri 		.  		2009.  	 
\bibitem[Deployments]{b15}\label{b15} 	 		 			Deployments 		.  		\textit{PIMRC-2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium},  				 	 
\bibitem[Femto Forum Article]{b13}\label{b13} 	 		\textit{Femto Forum adopts field-proven management protocol to facilitate largescale femtocell deployments},  		 			Femto Forum Article 		.  		 \url{http://www.femtoforum.org/femto/pressreleases.php?id=88}  		 	 
\bibitem[Chandrasekhar et al. (2008)]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{Femtocell Networks: A Survey},  		 			Vikram Chandrasekhar 		,  		 			Jeffrey G Andrews 		,  		 			Alan Gatherer 		.  		Sept. 2008. IEEE Communications Magazine.  	 
\bibitem[Zhang and De La Roche ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		\textit{Femtocells: Technologies and Deployment},  		 			Jie Zhang 		,  		 			Guillaume De La Roche 		.  		2010. John Wiley \& Sons.  	 
\bibitem[Bosch et al. ()]{b11}\label{b11} 	 		‘Flat Cellular (UMTS) Networks’.  		 			P Bosch 		,  		 			L Samuel 		,  		 			S Mullender 		,  		 			P Polakos 		,  		 			G Rittenhouse 		.  	 	 		\textit{Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)},  				2007.  	 
\bibitem[Holgerclaussen]{b14}\label{b14} 	 		 			Dorucalin Holgerclaussen 		.  		\textit{Macrocell Of floading Benefits in Joint Macro-and Femtocell},  				 	 
\bibitem[Interference Management in UMTS Femto Cells]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{Interference Management in UMTS Femto Cells},  		Femto Forum White Paper.  	 
\bibitem[Lpez-Prez et al. (2009)]{b10}\label{b10} 	 		‘OFDMA femtocells: A self-organizing approach for frequency assignment’.  		 			D Lpez-Prez 		,  		 			A Ladanyi 		,  		 			A Jttner 		,  		 			J Zhang 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE PIMRC (Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications)},  				 (Tokyo, Japan)  		September 2009.  	 
\bibitem[Perez et al. ()]{b16}\label{b16} 	 		‘Performance Evaluation of Frequency Planning Schemes in OFDMA-based Networks’.  		 			L Perez 		,  		 			D Valcarce 		,  		 			A D Roche 		,  		 			G J Zhang 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communicationsol}  		18. Elayoubi S.E., O. Ben Haddada, B. Fourestie (ed.)  		Sept.2009. 2008. 47  (9)  p. .  	 	 (IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications) 
\bibitem[Claussen (2007)]{b18}\label{b18} 	 		‘Performance of macro-and co-channel femtocells in a hierarchical cell structure’.  		 			H Claussen 		.  	 	 		\textit{Proc. IEEE Int. Symp.Personal, Indoor, Mobile Radio Commun.(PIMRC)}  		Sept. 2007. p. 15.  	 
\bibitem[Paragkulkarni et al. (2010)]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		‘Radio Resource Management Considerations for LTE Femto Cells’.  		 			Woonhau Paragkulkarni 		,  		 			Tim Chin 		,  		 			Farnham 		.  	 	 		\textit{ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review-Editorial Note}  		January 2010. 40  (1) .  	 
\bibitem[Bai et al. ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘Resource coordination and interference mitigation between macrocell and femtocell’.  		 			Yong Bai 		,  		 			Juejia Zhou 		,  		 			Liu Liu 		,  		 			Lan Chen 		,  		 			H Otsuka 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE PIMRC}  		2009.  	 
\bibitem[De La Roche et al. (2010)]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Self-organization for LTE Enterprise Femtocells’.  		 			G De La Roche 		,  		 			A Ladanyi 		,  		 			D Lpez-Prez 		,  		 			C.-C Chong 		,  		 			J Zhang 		.  	 	 		\textit{IEEE Globecom 2010 Workshop on Femtocell Networks},  				 (Miami, USA)  		December 2010.  	 
\bibitem[Huawei (2005)]{b17}\label{b17} 	 		\textit{Soft Frequency Reuse Scheme for UTRAN LTE},  		 			Huawei 		.  		May 2005. p. 3G.  	 
\bibitem[The Case for UMA-Enabled Femtocells (2007)]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{The Case for UMA-Enabled Femtocells},  		 \url{http://www.kineto.com}  		January 2007. Kineto Wireless, Inc.  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
