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\title{Improving Network Security: Next Generation Firewalls and Advanced Packet Inspection Devices}
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\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Dr. Steven  Thomason}

             \affil[1]{  East Carolina University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 10 December 2011 Accepted: 3 January 2012 Published: 15 January 2012}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Standard firewalls alone can no longer protect the enterprise from Internet dangers; new technologies such as next generation firewalls and advanced packet inspection devices can improve security around your gateways.

\end{abstract}


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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
Why do we need to improve firewalls at the perimeter? In the beginning there was the Internet and it was only used by a limited number of people due to the cost and limited content. The general public was just not interested in what the Internet had to offer. If you wanted to connect to the Internet, you connected your computer to a modem and dialed into an Internet provider at speeds up to an average of 33600 bps, which is incredibly slow compared to today's access rates. Security was not much of an issue. Someone sitting on the other side of the world did not have much incentive to try and break into your system. Then came ISDN, frame relay, and T1 connections to the Internet and security issues started to appear. Content on the Internet grew at rapidly expanding rates. The most likely security issue was a user getting infected software that caused damage to their computer or company network. A typical method of blocking incoming or outgoing connections was to configure an access list on a router or on a basic firewall to block the IP address or IP port being used by that virus or Trojan.\par
As viruses and hackers became more motivated and more technical, a better method for protecting the company network was needed. Firewalls now were developed to actually inspect what was contained within each packet. The first firewalls only looked at the header information showing source, designation, and port for each packet. There was not much of a visibility into the actual packet. Now a days standard firewall shave the ability to look at specific strings within each packet. This ability now allows for signature or pattern based inspection at the network or session layer of the OSI model, but not at the application layer. Some of the more current models have advanced packet inspection abilities.\par
Blocking ports and IP addresses is no longer good enough. Operating systems contain security vulnerabilities and often as soon as they are discovered are exploited. The most common ports open on almost every firewall are the browsing ports 80 and 443, ftp, and frequently email smtp port 25. It is impossible to know about every possible new security hole or new virus that is written and released into the wild. According to 2008 report on the US-CERT i\par
The Internet carries several types of traffic; the two most common are TCP and UDP. TCP traffic is connection oriented so the firewall knows when the connection has terminated. The sending and receiving of packets is acknowledged so the firewall can add timestamps and other methods to verify where the traffic is coming from. UPD traffic however is connectionless. It is up to the sending or receiving application to build up and take down the connection. If the application does not terminate the connection, then the firewall or security device has to have a timer to drop the connection when traffic has completed. This gap gives unauthorized traffic time to build a connection to your end point and have access through your gateway.\par
government website, over 200 new Trojans and viruses and an untold number of variants are released each month. Now about one third of the people in the world have access to the Internet. Almost every company in business today needs to have access to the Internet. One third of every cell phone in the world has access to the Internet and that number is expected to grow to over 65\% by 2015. Companies have confidential and proprietary data that criminals want. They want account information, names, passwords, anything that they can get that could possibility make them money. If they cannot get that information because it is well secured or there is nothing that they deem of value, then they want control of your computers to use them in attacks against other systems.\par
Up until now firewalls that performed stateful packet inspection were adequate to handle the traffic flowing into and out of the corporate network. That changed with the introduction of Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is more of a concept than an actual software product. Previously, applications were used or provided to access websites and their content. For example, if you wanted to "blog" on a certain website you installed their software on your computer and saved your data to the website for others to view. Now with Web 2.0 multiple applications are run from the website itself and not on the client computer. According to Tim O'Reilly, Web 2.0 ii packaged applications are now the main focus. People now purchase and use a service instead of a single application. A typical site might create many different "applets" that allow different functions, such as video, data sharing, social media, and collaboration to take place within a single website. All of this can take place over http on port 80 and https on port 443. About two thirds of the traffic on the Internet is web traffic. While this allows for ease of access for the end user, it allows attackers the ability to "sneak" illicit programs and attacks through a standard stateful firewall. This ability to pass through the border defenses of the network can make it harder for intrusion detection systems to catch the intrusion. NSS Labs has stated that technical sophistication of the criminal element has grown at a rate faster than security companies' abilities to stay upto-date. iii  Here is where the next generation firewalls come into play. They not only perform deep packet inspection but also can evaluate the data coming into the network at the application layer of the OSI model, Layer 7. Up until the introduction of next generation firewalls (NGFW), a fully protected network had an application or appliance firewall, an intrusion protection system, an intrusion prevention system, and probably a syslog server to gather logs from all of the different devices for analysis iv In 2010, only between 5 percent and 10 percent of the number of security devices deployed were next generation firewalls. According to Gartner by 2014 35 percent of installed firewalls will be next generation firewalls with 65 percent of new purchased being next generation firewalls.\par
. At a basic level, what a NGFW does is to combine all three systems into a single device so that the data is checked on a single pass making it more efficient.\par
What next generation firewalls bring to the table is the ability to look within the data streams passing through the firewall and determine whether or not the actual application or command is allowed or suspicious v\par
To be classified as a next generation firewall, the system needs to be able meet at a minimum 5 basic requirements . SQL queries are very common within websites. A NGFW should have the ability to scan your HTTP traffic, look for SQL commands and check to see that the format of the command is acceptable or possibility malicious. NGFW also should give you the ability to be more granular with your firewall rules. Many businesses today reluctantly need to grant access to social media sites such as Facebook. With a standard firewall you would either allow complete access to Facebook or completely block Facebook. A NGFW gives you the ability to allow or block based on user access credentials or group membership such as being able to allow only the marketing group to use Facebook. Restricting types of access to a website is also possible. Companies could allow all users access to Facebook pages but disallow Facebook games such as Farmville and Treasure Isle.  Other criteria that define a NGFW are the ability to become very granular with rules and access. Controls need to be available for specific user access and specific application layer controls. Another attribute of an advance firewall system is the ability to learn new applications and dynamically have the ability to apply new application signatures to its rules. To use Facebook as an example again, when a new application becomes available on the website a new signature update would allow that application to be specifically allowed or disallowed based on the company policies. Another key feature of a NGFW is the ability to look within HTTPS SSL connections. Current firewall systems do not have the ability to look within encrypted sessions.\par
Currently Gartner's Magic Quadrant only has two players in its top right corner, Check Point Software Technologies and Palo Alto Networks vii . Some of the other major players are Barracuda Networks, Fortinet, Juniper Networks, Sonic WALL, Cisco Systems, and Stone soft. Many enterprises have no idea what is traversing their firewalls and have just now started to implement IDS and IPS systems. Those that are aware of their shortcomings are reluctant to increase the complexity of the firewalls and the policies controlling them. For those not quite ready to do a rip and replace there are two options for introducing NGFWs. One method is to place the NGFW in front of the Internet and keep the existing firewall as a safeguard until comfortable with the new system. The other method is to place the NGFW behind the firewall and see what is actually getting through and into your network. However, according to Greg Young, a Gartner research VP, 95\% of next generation purchases are for firewall replacements. Since many companies are replacing separate logging, IDS, IPS, and management systems with a single device, they are easily justifying the expense of an upgrade.\par
. Some have all of the required components but are not integrated into a single pass device. For instance their current firewall may allow you to add an IDS/IPS module, avirus-scanning module, and an Internet proxy module. There is little difference in having multiple systems doing different functions from having one device with multiple modules other than maybe physical size and cost. A true NGFW is a single device that combines all of the required functions along with reporting into a single pass-through single scanning system. So what a NFGW gives you is the ability to look deeper into what is entering and leaving your network. It gives you the ability to have greater control over what access is granted to users within your network and to users coming to your websites. By being able to look at Layer 7 applications you also have a much greater chance of catching anomalies or attacks coming at your network and internal systems. Attacks are getting much more sophisticated and presenting a much more challenging job for network security. Next generation firewalls are the next step in the line of defense for corporate networks. \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}S}\end{figure}
   			\footnote{© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[ Next Generation Firewall]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		\textit{},  		 \url{http://www.nsslabs.com/research/network-security/firewall-ngfw/}  	 	 		\textit{Next Generation Firewall}  		 	 
\bibitem[Firewall and Sweeney (2012)]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{},  		 			Patrick Firewall 		,  		 			Sweeney 		.  		 \url{http://www.crn.com/blogs-op-ed/channel-voices/232301521/how-to-choose-a-next-generation-firewall.htm}  		February 29, 2012.  	 
\bibitem[iv What is a next-generation firewall? Joel Snyder (2011)]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		 \url{http://www.csoonline.com/article/print/691651}  		\textit{iv What is a next-generation firewall? Joel Snyder},  				October 17, 2011. July 1, 2012. August 22, 2011.  	 	 (depth, Neil Roiter) 
\bibitem[Next-Generation Firewalls will include Intrusion Prevention viii Choosing a next-generation firewall: Vendor comparison (2011)]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Next-Generation Firewalls will include Intrusion Prevention’.  		 \url{http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/vpndevc/ps6032/ps6094/ps6120/prod\textunderscore white\textunderscore paper0900aecd8058ec85.html}  	 	 		\textit{viii Choosing a next-generation firewall: Vendor comparison},  				March 2011. June 9. 2012. 5500.  	 
\bibitem[The Network Security Sonic OS Platform Next-Generation Firewalls]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		\textit{The Network Security Sonic OS Platform Next-Generation Firewalls},  		 \url{http://www.sonicwall.com/us/products/Next-Generation\textunderscore Firewall.html}  		 	 
\bibitem[Trio Of Next-Gen Firewalls Try To Keep Up With Evolving Threats (2012)]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{Trio Of Next-Gen Firewalls Try To Keep Up With Evolving Threats},  		 \url{http://www.networkcomputing.com/security/232601723?pgno=2}  		February 2012. May 24. 2012. Robert Mullins.  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
